ATPL Intensive Program (IP) Practice Exam

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• An air mass is unstable when:
• For take-off obstacle clearance calculations, which method may be used to avoid obstacles in the first segment?
• At the approach of a warm front in the northern hemisphere, how does wind direction change from surface to tropopause?
• What does the fuel/oil heat exchanger in a turbine engine use?
• How does using a clearway affect the field-length-limited take-off mass?
• Given a constant load factor, which of these statements about the variation of induced drag are correct or incorrect?
• Given a wind angle of 60°, what is the maximum crosswind factor according to sinus calculation?
• During a landing approach, if the aircraft encounters wind shear with a decreasing headwind, what will happen in the absence of pilot action?
• What is the nature of the scale on a Lambert conformal conic chart?
• What will be the effect on the reading of an aneroid altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground during the period following the passage of an active cold front?
• What constitutes vertical windshear?
• The stopway is an area which allows an increase only in the:
• Assuming constant IAS, when an aeroplane leaves ground effect, what happens to the effective angle of attack?
• If wind shear is reported before take-off, what is the most advisable action?
• What would cause the greatest distortion on a Lambert conformal conic chart?
• What is the minimum allowable wind speed for take-off when a headwind component is required?
• Which calculation is NOT influenced by the presence of a clearway?
• What should pilots be cautious of in relation to wind shear during take-off and landing?
• In an inversion layer, how does temperature change with height?
• What type of clock is utilized in NAVSTAR GPS satellites?
• What is the effect of the centre of gravity being close to the forward limit?
• What is the main difference between RNAV and RNP?
• According to EASA regulations, what is the minimum requirement for a pilot to operate as commander in an aeroplane or helicopter, excluding night operations?
• Which lights provide guidance for the alignment of an aircraft on the runway?
• Under what condition does stall speed typically increase?
• How should an aircraft respond to Moderate to Severe Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) when approaching a cold front from the warm air mass side at FL270?
• A precision RNAV (PRNAV) requires?
• If all outflow valves close during cruise flight, what happens to pressure differential?
• Where is the projection of the polar front jet stream usually found in relation to the cold and warm fronts of a depression?
• What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression during summer daytime over Central Europe?
• What is the minimum allowed climb gradient for a twin-engine performance class A airplane in the third take-off segment?
• What is the cause of a surface temperature inversion?
• At FL 110, what is the maximum holding speed for a jet transport aircraft?
• What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground, shortly before an active cold front passes over the airport?
• On a Lambert conformal conic chart, how are great circles that are not meridians depicted?
• What type of pumps are typically used as low pressure pumps in the fuel system of most transport aircraft?
• How does an aft centre of gravity typically affect stall characteristics?
• From which section of a turbo-jet aeroplane is engine bleed air typically taken for air conditioning?
• What is VY defined as?
• In an airspace with reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM), what is the upper limit for altitude deviation alerting equipment?
• What is correct regarding the fuel policy for PART-CAT?
• What are the implications of reduced thrust available at higher altitudes?
• How is the relative humidity of an unsaturated air mass affected by temperature changes?
• Why does drag decrease with increasing altitude?
• The air masses observed most frequently over western Europe are:
• If climbing at a constant Mach number up to the tropopause under ISA conditions, what happens to TAS?
• What point is used for measuring moment (balance) arms?
• What input data is used by a simple VOR/DME - RNAV system?
• In terms of chart design, what is a key feature of the Lambert conformal conic projection?
• What happens to the cabin VSI when depressurisation occurs at FL310 due to the outflow valve opening?
• What conditions lead to the reporting of vertical visibility?
• What type of projection is represented by a Lambert conformal conic chart?
• The relationship of the reference landing speed (VREF) to the reference stalling speed in the landing configuration (VSR0) is that VREF may not be below:
• Which measurement provides the best information on the progress of a flight between two enroute waypoints from RNAV equipment?
• As altitude is increased, the stall speed (IAS):
• What does the pack cooling fan provide during ground operations?
• What minimum separation should be applied when a MEDIUM aircraft is taking off behind a HEAVY aircraft on the same runway?
• What action contributes to an increase in stall speed during a maneuver?
• How do air masses move at a warm front?
• Which type of pumps are classified as low pressure pumps in the fuel system of most transport aircraft?
• What characteristic does the scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart exhibit?
• Which system is responsible for providing air for cabin ventilation?
• What happens to the drag of an aircraft as it approaches maximum IAS from stall speed?
• What is the average slope of a cold front?
• How do climb/descent angle and flight-path angle differ?
• In the VHF band, which radio contact is least likely to be affected by attenuation?
• What is the best definition of wind shear?
• What is the significance of the V2 speed during takeoff?
• What does the abbreviation "RNAV" stand for?
• How does the specific range/fuel flow change during long range cruise of a jet airplane?
• What is the required navigation performance for RNP1?
• What does the term "obstacle clearance" refer to in aviation?
• What occurs in ground effect with regard to induced angle of attack and drag?
• What is the effect of evaporation on the humidity of a rising air parcel?
• What differentiates Required Navigation Performance (RNP) from Area Navigation (RNAV)?
• What visual signal is used to indicate the location of a runway end?
• What defines the datum in aircraft balance measurements?
• In cruise flight, having an aft centre of gravity will result in what effect on longitudinal static stability?
• What is the relationship between wind at 3 000 ft and surface wind in the northern hemisphere?
• During take-off with a strong left crosswind, which engine failure causes the greatest control issue?
• In order to enter a phantom waypoint that is designated by a VOR/DME simple RNAV system, the VOR/DME?
• As the angle of attack of an aerafoil increases, which of the following statements about the airflow are correct?
• What occurs to the climb angle and pitch angle when a jet aeroplane climbs at a constant IAS with maximum climb thrust?
• What is the effect of using a stopway on the Accelerate-Stop Distance Required (ASDR)?
• Which type of air mass is found in the warm sector of a polar front?
• What is one function of the automatic controls in auxiliary power units (APUs)?
• What describes the relative movement of two air masses along a cold front?
• What is true about a clearway regarding its control and structure?
• Which unit is responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue service in each SAR region?
• Which function is most sensitive to hypoxia?
• In which frequency band do satellite assisted navigation systems (GNSS/GPS) provide position information that is available to civil aircraft?
• Which statement about the precipitation zones of cold fronts and warm fronts is correct?
• During a warm front passage, which phenomenon might you expect first if experiencing a weather change?
• If the nose wheel moves aft during gear retraction, how is the centre of gravity affected?
• Which of the following best describes the property of Lambert charts regarding angular measurements?
• How can RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNP 1, and RNP 2 routes be modified by pilots?
• In RNAV systems, what is the significance of the term "waypoint"?
• What capability does a 3D RNAV system have in relation to navigation?
• Which forces determine an aeroplane's angle of climb assuming that sufficient lift is present?
• What speed should be indicated in the flight plan box marked SPEED for the entire cruise?
• What is the approximate ground speed (GS) during descent given the wind conditions listed?
• Which process increases the stability of an air mass?
• An aeroplane is in steady descent. If the total temperature remains constant, what happens to the Mach number?
• Which factors are used to define area navigation (RNAV) or required navigation performance (RNP) system performance requirements?
• Under which condition would a temperature inversion typically occur?
• What is the result of an aft shift of the centre of gravity on static longitudinal stability?
• How does the speed range between low speed buffet and high speed buffet change with increasing mass and altitude?
• According to DOC 4444 (ICAO), which condition warrants a wake turbulence non-radar separation minima of 3 minutes?
• In the context of Area Navigation Systems (RNAV), which option is an air data input?
• What effect does an air cycle machine have on bleed air?
• Span wise flow is caused by the difference in air pressure on the wing. What is its direction of movement?
• An aircraft with a Centre of Gravity towards the aft limit will experience what change in range and stalling speed?
• What is the outbound time in a holding pattern above 14000 ft in still air conditions?
• Which statements about an aeroplane entering ground effect at a constant angle of attack are correct or incorrect?
• What does a higher horizontal tail loading in an aircraft typically require for maintaining level flight?
• What is the minimum gradient for an omnidirectional departure?
• How does induced drag relate to the lift coefficient?
• What is the relationship between fuel flow and specific range during cruise conditions?
• What is the effect of high pressure altitude on rate of climb and climb angle?
• To achieve maximum range over ground with headwind, what should be done with airspeed?
• Why do GPS satellites use helical antennas?
• What occurs when cold air undercuts warm air?
• Under what condition can thunderstorms occur in a warm front?
• During an ILS approach with increasing wind speed at height, what should the pilot be mindful of regarding glide path?
• What is the effect of having the centre of gravity near the aft limit?
• An ascending parcel of air continues to rise to a considerable height when:
• How does having the centre of gravity located aft affect take-off performance?
• In the event of engine failure above the OEI ceiling, what is the best speed for a twin-engine jet airplane to descend?
• What is the relationship between chart convergence and the locations on a Lambert chart?
• What is the most dangerous sign of hypoxic hypoxia?
• Which speed offers maximum obstacle clearance during a climb?
• What color are the lights at the beginning of the runway area?
• What is a consequence of an explosive decompression during a flight at FL410?
• What is the maximum allowable wind speed with a crosswind limitation of 35 kts?
• What does a clearway provide during take-off calculations?
• What is the relative movement of the two airmasses along a cold front?
• What is the impact of a stopway/clearway on the allowed take-off mass and appropriate V1 when using an unbalanced field?
• Where is the coldest air to be found, in an occlusion with cold front characteristics?
• How are air masses arranged in a cold occlusion?
• What is the effect on an altimeter reading as a cold front approaches?
• How should a straight line be positioned on a Lambert chart to approximate a great circle?
• How is the lift/drag ratio defined?
• If approaching the VOR from the South-West with an inbound Magnetic Track of 000°, which entry procedure is appropriate?
• By approximately what percentage will stall speed increase in a horizontal coordinated turn at a bank angle of 45°?
• How does the best rate of climb change with increasing altitude?
• On a Lambert conformal conic chart, where is the quoted scale considered to be correct?
• What happens to the activity of a cold front crossing a chain of mountains?
• How does a forward centre of gravity affect aircraft stability?
• What accuracy does RNP 5 (Required Navigation Performance) require?
• If the climb speed schedule changes from 280/0.74 to 290/0.74, what happens to the crossover altitude?
• Which statement about RNAV-routes is correct?
• What is the minimum number of NAVSTAR GPS satellites required to obtain an accurate 3D position fix?
• During a descent at a constant Mach number (assume zero thrust and standard atmospheric conditions), what happens to the angle of attack?
• During descent to the surface over land in the northern hemisphere, what change in wind direction and speed will a pilot typically experience?
• Minimum Sector Altitudes provide obstacle clearance within what radius according to MSA?
• What is the maximum length a clearway should not exceed?
• What is the best way in dealing with thunderstorms associated with a cold front?
• What does vertical windshear refer to?
• How does the airflow relate to induced drag?
• What is the correct definition of an infant for air travel purposes?
• What occurs to wind ahead of a warm front?
• What is the recommended bank angle when flying in a holding pattern?
• The stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the aeroplane is controllable in landing configuration is abbreviated as:
• When approaching the CLE VOR at 050°, what type of entry will the aircraft make into the standard holding pattern with an inbound track of 270°?
• How does total drag change from stall speed to maximum IAS during straight and level flight at constant mass?
• When can a commander plan the usage of final reserve fuel on a commercial flight?
• Flying at the altitude close to where the low and high buffet speeds are the same will result in which effect?
• At what condition is the induced drag of an aeroplane at constant mass in un-accelerated level flight greatest?
• When is the Runway Visual Range (RVR) reported?
• What mode does the GPWS alert "WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR" refer to?
• What is the effect of moving the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit?
• What is the impact of a constant headwind component on the angle of flight path during descent?
• Which navigation specifications does A-RNP incorporate?
• When is low level windshear likely to be greatest?
• According to AIR OPS, if the reported RVR/Visibility is less than the applicable minima, at what altitude should the approach not be continued beyond?
• In the second flight path segment after take-off of a jet aeroplane, what are the correct parameters required for minimum climb gradient?
• What does a RAIM prediction error indicate for GNSS equipment before an RNP approach?
• What is the primary capability of a 2D RNAV system?
• What does a maintained thrust setting at maximum climb typically lead to in the context of aerodynamics?
• What standard separation is provided when Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) is used in NAT MNPS airspace?
• What are the basic components of the Threat and Error Management (TEM) model?
• What is the temperature lapse rate in the troposphere according to the standard atmosphere?
• Which factors limit the effective range of VHF transmissions under normal conditions?
• Which weather phenomenon can indicate the presence of low-level windshear?
• Runway threshold identification lights, when provided, should be which type of light?
• Which is an important factor taken into account when calculating the take-off distance?
• What influence does gross mass have on descent speed?
• What should the pre-flight calculation of usable fuel required for a flight include?
• What is the minimum obstacle clearance (MOC) required in the primary area of the initial approach segment for an instrument approach procedure?
• In an RNAV approach to LNAV/VNAV minima, what is VNAV based on?
• What is the definition of a wet runway?
• What effect does having the centre of gravity aft have on take-off ground roll distance?
• Which of the following describes a feature of a holding pattern approach?
• If runway centerline lights are installed on a runway with a length of 1800 m or more, what is the color in the segment from 300 m to the runway end?
• Which of the following is true regarding wind shear during take-off?
• Which of the following provides maximum obstacle clearance during climb?
• SBAS improves the performance (position accuracy) of GNSS/GPS receivers by?
• What is the corresponding screen height of the take-off distance on a wet runway with a class A airplane?
• In a satellite assisted navigation system (GNSS/GPS), a position line is obtained by?
• What is the relationship between a forward centre of gravity and the induced drag?
• When is the stall speed of an airplane highest for a given configuration?
• In a steady coordinated horizontal turn with constant bank angle, what happens to the stalling speed?
• Continuous adjustment of the centre of gravity can lead to which of the following?
• How does surface friction affect wind direction relative to isobars?
• What is true about environmental threats in the TEM model?
• The expression "secondary flight control" applies to which of the following components?
• During a descent without engine thrust at maximum lift/drag ratio speed, what effect does a tailwind component have on ground distance?
• What weather conditions are typically associated with air masses being cooled from below?
• What is the primary function of an air conditioning pack inlet flow valve?
• When ATC issues taxi clearances that specify a clearance limit, which is a correct statement regarding taxi instructions?
• During approach, if the radio altimeter indicates 950 ft, what does this measurement refer to?
• What will happen to the accelerate stop distance (ASD) if a dry V1 is used on a wet runway?
• Radio waves in the VHF and higher frequency bands propagate mainly as which type of waves?
• Details of the Search and Rescue organization and procedures can be primarily found in which document?
• How does the visibility of NAVSTAR GPS satellites vary?
• What typically happens to visibility as a cold front approaches?
• What is a potential effect of using a clearway on the take-off roll?
• What is the primary cause of wake turbulence?
• An aircraft is climbing at a constant CAS in ISA conditions. What happens to TAS and Mach number?
• What does the GPWS warn the crew of regarding terrain closure?
• What change in aircraft behavior does an aft centre of gravity create during steep climbs?
• Which statements about induced drag are correct or incorrect?
• What is the correct action if a pilot encounters wind shear during take-off?
• Which condition could potentially lead to a stall if not properly managed during flight?
• What is the function of the primary heat exchanger in a turbo compressor air conditioning system?
• According to DOC 4444 (ICAO), what is the required wake turbulence radar separation minima for a MEDIUM and LIGHT aircraft using the same runway?
• According to the requirements for stall warnings on a large aeroplane, when must the warning begin during a speed reduction?
• For a jet aeroplane, at what speed is the maximum climb angle generally achieved?
• A 2D RNAV system provides guidance in?
• What role does the Inertial Navigation System (INS) play in RNAV?
• What units are commonly used to report vertical windshear?
• Which meteorological phenomena are mostly associated with wind shear conditions?
• What is the standard Vertical Separation Minimum (VSM) for aircraft flying in the same direction above FL290?
• With the autopilot engaged in the V/S mode during a climb, how can the autothrottle operate?
• What is the minimum obstacle clearance requirement for the primary area of the intermediate approach segment?
• How does chart convergence vary with latitude in a Lambert conformal projection?
• Which statement about the alignment procedure for Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) at mid-latitudes is correct?
• What effect does a reduction in V1 due to a wet runway have on one engine out obstacle clearance/climb performance?
• At what height above the WGS 84 ellipsoid are NAVSTAR GPS satellites orbiting?
• Which statements are correct regarding stall speeds?
• What is a common cause of ground or surface temperature inversion?
• At 18,000 feet, approximately how much lower is the pressure compared to sea level?
• What main factor contributes to the formation of low clouds ahead of a warm front?
• Using GPS, the primary position information is in the form of?
• If an aircraft has a CG too far aft, what is a primary concern during take-off?
• When an aeroplane enters ground effect at constant IAS, what happens to the induced drag?
• What is the minimum radar separation provided between aircraft established on the same localiser course, disregarding additional longitudinal separation for wake turbulence?
• What effect does a headwind component have during a climb to cruising level?
• If one GPS satellite is faulty and the PDOP value is low, what can RAIM software in the receiver do?
• What is the ICAO minimum non-radar separation time for a LIGHT aircraft behind a MEDIUM or HEAVY aeroplane on approach to the same runway?
• When the centre of gravity is moved forward, what happens to fuel consumption?
• If an aircraft encounters wind shear with a decreasing tailwind during landing, what is the likely condition?
• What is the purpose of the pack cooling fans in the air conditioning system?
• What color are the fixed, unidirectional runway threshold and wing bar lights?
• When can low level vertical windshear typically be expected?
• Which statement about stall speed is accurate?
• What is the allowable movement of an aircraft's centre of gravity?
• In a METAR message, what notation is used if wind shear is reported for all runways?
• Floating due to ground effect during an approach to land will occur when?
• Induced drag, if speed remains constant, is proportional to which of the following?
• 3D RNAV fixing provides?
• Which are the basic components of the Threat and Error Management model?
• What happens to induced drag and parasite drag with increasing speed in straight and level flight?
• What type of fog is associated with the passage of a warm front?
• How does the angle of descent change when an aeroplane descends from FL410 to FL270, then from FL270 to FL100 at IAS achieved at FL270 assuming idle thrust?
• According to the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, how does temperature change with altitude?
• If the centre of gravity is behind the aft limit, how does this affect longitudinal stability?
• In the case of in-flight depressurization, what is the minimum fuel quantity a turboprop aircraft must have upon arrival at an alternate airfield?
• What is the color of runway edge lights?
• What is the minimum width of a clearway?
• Basic RNAV (B-RNAV) requires a track-keeping accuracy of?
• Compared to the slope and speed of a cold front, a warm front's slope and speed are generally:
• Which of the following is an example of a self-contained RNAV system?
• What is the angular difference between the initial true track and the final true track on a Lambert's conformal conic chart referred to?
• What is the standard minimum radar separation when considering wake turbulence between aircraft on the same localiser course?
• Which of the following is NOT a warning provided by the ground proximity warning system (GPWS)?
• The stall speed (IAS) may be increased by which of the following factors?
• At higher altitudes, the stall speed (IAS):
• What is a correct statement regarding the TEM model?
• What is a common weather condition following the passage of a cold front?
• What is the effect of a headwind component on maximum range speed (IAS) and speed for maximum climb angle?
• What prevents the wing of an aircraft from stalling at low subsonic speeds?
• In straight and level flight with a positively cambered aerofoil, what happens to the centre of pressure and the total lift force when speed is decreased?
• What happens to the Specific Range if CG is moved further forward of the C of P?
• What happens to cruise range when the centre of gravity moves from the forward to the aft limit?
• Which statement is true regarding an undesired aircraft state in the TEM model?
• Which tool is most effective for detecting turbulence associated with a cold front?
• For a jet aeroplane, the maximum climb angle is achieved at a speed corresponding to what?
• For radio waves of the VHF band and above, what reduces the effective range and quality of transmission?
• What is the term for the speed for best rate of climb?
• In the polar curve of a jet engine airplane, how are points arranged in order of increasing angle of attack?
• What is typically true about the clearway length in relation to TORA?
• What impact can shadowing by parts of the aircraft have on GPS signal reception?
• Which component is responsible for regulating cabin pressurization?
• Which abbreviation is used for specific altitudes established for obstacle clearance within 46 km?
• Which of the following nav aids can provide an RNAV system with position?
• With reference to inertial navigation systems, a TAS input is:
• How many operational satellites are required for NAVSTAR GPS, and how are they distributed?
• What conditions allow thunderstorms to occur on a warm front?
• The accelerated-stop distance available is essential for which of the following operations?
• When is an air mass considered stable?
• Which three speeds are effectively the same for a jet aircraft?
• Which of the following situations leads to a decreasing stall speed (IAS)?
• What is the simplest type of antenna construction used in aviation?
• Which combination of statements is accurate in the presence of an aircraft experiencing wind shear?
• A phantom station in a 2D RNAV system is defined as:
• What characterizes a latent threat in the TEM model?
• What does an aircraft indicated as "H" for "heavy" signify regarding its wake turbulence category?
• Which limitations apply to the take-off distance (TOD) for performance class B aeroplanes operating from a dry runway?
• If the centre of gravity is located at the forward limit, how does that affect an aeroplane's stability?
• What does "UHF" (letter "U") represent regarding aircraft emergency radios?
• Given certain weights, what is the expected landing mass at the destination?
• What is the minimum vertical separation between aircraft flying IFR below FL290?
• What defines magnetic variation at a specific location on Earth?
• When comparing the angle of climb with flaps extended to that with flaps retracted, what is typically observed?
• If the number of satellites required to maintain RAIM is not available during IFR, what is the next step?
• How frequently is a wind shear report updated?
• Runway edge lights showing variable yellow are used in which situation?
• Surface temperature inversions are commonly generated by which of the following?
• If the field-length-limited take-off mass and V1 were calculated with balanced field-lengths, how does the inclusion of additional clearway affect these calculations?
• During a landing approach, if the aircraft encounters wind shear with an increasing headwind, which statements are true?
• Which statement about the lift to drag ratio in straight and level flight is correct?
• Which statements about an aeroplane leaving ground effect are correct or incorrect?
• What is the Balance Arm (BA)?
• When observing a climb, what has the most significant impact on climb performance as altitude increases?
• Describe a cold occlusion at a polar front depression:
• What defines hypoxia?
• If the landing distance available is 3000m and the runway will likely be wet, what is the maximum landing mass requirement for a turbojet aeroplane on a commercial flight?
• At what altitude does short-term memory impairment due to hypoxia typically begin?
• Which part of the aircraft has the largest effect on induced drag?
• In the context of an Airborne-Based Augmentation System (ABAS), which method uses information from GNSS and additional sensors for integrity monitoring?
• What defines the accelerate-stop distance available for an aircraft?
• When the centre of gravity is forward, which of the following is true regarding stability?
• During a cruise flight of a jet aeroplane at constant flight level and at the maximum range speed, the IAS/the drag will?
• When does cabin pressure exceed ambient air pressure during flight?
• What will be the impact of using a stopway without a clearway on the take-off mass and V1?
• What is the visibility range when fog is reported?
• In a take-off scenario, what does a longer runway typically result in?
• Which list includes all basic functional requirements of the RNAV and RNP specifications?
• What is the effect of an increased headwind component on the climb limited take-off mass?
• At what altitude must passenger oxygen masks be automatically released in the event of cabin depressurization?
• During a climb to cruising level with a constant pitch attitude and max climb thrust, how do the flight path angle, angle of attack, and IAS change?
• What is a critical factor affecting minimum V2 speed under high weight conditions?
• What characterizes an aircraft with a maximum allowable mass and forward center of gravity?
• Which of the following lists all the parameters that can be determined by a GPS receiver tracking signals from 4 different satellites?
• What colors do runway centerline lights exhibit from the point 300 m to the runway end?
• A clearway can be crucial for increasing which of the following metrics in a take-off?
• Of how many satellites does the space segment of a NAVSTAR/GPS system consist in the notional constellation?
• What is the main task of the user segment (receiver) of the satellite navigation system NAVSTAR/GPS?
• What is a characteristic feature of a stable air mass?
• Which term describes the type of cloud that typically indicates a thunderstorm?
• Which altitude is defined as the lowest altitude between radio navigation aids that provides acceptable coverage?
• During a turn, what scenario affects the stall speed increase significantly?
• When is the effect of an unbalanced field most critical during take-off?
• How do air masses move at a warm front?
• What effect does hypoxia have on visual performance for pilots?
• What is the approximate alignment time at mid-latitudes for an Inertial Reference System using laser ring gyros?
• When a pilot performs a steady horizontal turn, the stall speed:
• What is the temperature change caused by the air cycle machine?
• How does the pitch attitude in a climb typically change when thrust increases at constant IAS?
• Which statement about B-RNAV is correct?
• In take-off distance calculations, what role does the clearway play?
• What is the difference between climb angle and climb gradient?
• What condition is required for an aeroplane with a CG location behind the centre of pressure to achieve straight and level flight?
• Which coordinate system is used by the NAVSTAR GPS receiver for position determination?
• Which symptom of hypoxia poses the greatest danger to flight safety?
• What is the minimum requirement for supplemental oxygen in the event of a cabin pressure failure, according to EASA AIR OPS?
• What type of airspace allows IFR and VFR flights while maintaining air traffic control separation?
• Changing the climb speed schedule from 290/0.74 to 280/0.74 will affect the crossover altitude how?
• What could cause a pilot to have to actively manage glide path during an ILS approach?
• What are the colors of the runway centerline lights from 900 m to 300 m from the runway end?
• At a cold front:
• Which factor does not influence chart convergence in Lambert charts?
• The formation of a thunderstorm occurs if an unstable airmass convects intensely, forming a cloud that can grow to a maximum altitude of about:
• What is the standard vertical separation minimum above Flight Level 290?
• In a steady, level, coordinated turn, how are the load factor "n" and the stall speed Vs related?
• Which function is not required from RNAV equipment to assist the flight crew with lateral guidance?
• In a gas turbine engine with an oil to fuel heat exchanger, what happens to the oil?
• Which statement is correct about the range of VHF waves?
• Where is a stopway located in relation to take-off surfaces?
• What is the minimum requirement for long-range navigation systems when operating in oceanic and remote areas according to RNAV 10?
• What type of lights are runway edge lights, except in the case of a displaced threshold?
• What typically limits minimum V2 speed (V2min) in various flight conditions?
• How does the presence of a clearway affect the allowed take-off mass and V1 when using an unbalanced field?
• What is the potential effect of a forward centre of gravity on induced drag?
• An air mass is stable when:
• How is a headwind expected to affect maximum range speed and speed for maximum angle of climb?
• Which of the following can provide the initial lifting leading to air mass thunderstorms?
• What margin above the stall speed is provided by the landing reference speed VREF?
• During a descent at a constant Mach number below the tropopause in ISA conditions, what happens to CAS and TAS?
• Which ILS marker emits the highest aural frequency?
• When calculating the take-off field length required, what percentages of headwind and tailwind components are used?
• According to the TEM model of ICAO Annex 1, what defines an 'error'?
• Select the true statement about horizontal wind shear.
• What data does an INS provide when its navigation function is inoperative and the control switch is set to ATT?
• Which type of buffet will occur if a jet aeroplane slowly accelerates in level flight from its cruise speed in still air at high altitude?
• What type of lights are runway end lights?
• In terms of pitch attitude, what typically happens when transitioning from level flight to climb?
• In which distance can the length of a stopway be included?
• What characteristic is typical of a temperature inversion?
• Which factor can lead to decreased range and stalling speed when the Centre of Gravity is towards the aft limit?
• What effect does a constant headwind component have on the angle of flight path during climb?
• What are the characteristics of a warm front occlusion?
• Which of the following lists only includes directional antennas?
• During a landing approach, if the aircraft encounters wind shear with an increasing tailwind, which statements are true?
• Where is the projection of the polar front jet stream on the surface most likely to be found in relation to the cold and warm fronts of a depression?
• Which type of shear does wind shear primarily relate to?
• What is the effect on skip distance of HF-transmission when frequency and position of the reflecting ionospheric layer increase?
• What is one of the key requirements for RNP?
• What is the ICAO minimum radar separation distance for a heavy aeroplane following another heavy aeroplane on approach to the same runway?
• Surface-based temperature inversions are typically observed during what conditions?
• Which equation correctly defines specific range (SR)?
• When the angle of attack of an aerofoil decreases, which of the following statements is true regarding the stagnation point and the point of lowest static pressure?
• At what point does the lift/drag ratio reach its maximum value?
• What should a pilot do upon encountering wind shear during take-off?
• The speed for maximum lift/drag ratio results in what performance characteristic for a propeller-driven aeroplane?
• Which of the following is a technical requirement for RNP operations?
• Which of the following is true about the effect of a clearway on V1?
• What is the inclination to the equatorial plane of the satellites in the NAVSTAR GPS constellation?
• What effect does a closed cabin outflow valve have on cabin pressure?
• In a bootstrap system, what happens to bleed air downstream of the first heat exchanger?
• When is the surface wind strength likely to be high according to isobar spacing?
• Which of the following is an example of an environmental threat according to the TEM model?
• Why are aircraft categories classified based on stalling speed?
• What is a correct list of hypoxia symptoms?
• A RAIM system of a NAVSTAR GPS receiver has excluded a satellite. How many satellites are required to maintain a 3D position fix with RAIM capability?
• Regarding induced drag, which of the following statements are correct or incorrect?
• When penetrating a horizontal wind shear, which parameter changes first?
• Which statement is correct regarding the lift to drag ratio in straight and level flight?
• What aspect does the danger associated with low speed and/or high speed buffet limit?
• What is the average width of the precipitation zone ahead of a warm front?
• Which combination is most likely to provide accurate RNAV position fixes?
• What is the speed for maximum rate of climb in relation to the speed for best angle of climb?
• What does a high lift to drag ratio indicate about an aircraft's performance?
• When should a wake turbulence non-radar separation minima of 3 minutes be applied?
• HF radio waves travel during daytime and night-time as what type of waves?
• If freezing level is at 10,000 feet in warm air and 2,000 feet in cold air, at which altitude is the probability of freezing rain the lowest?
• Which of the following approaches may result in a maximum rate of climb?
• During a descent at a constant calibrated airspeed (CAS) below the tropopause in ISA conditions, what can be said about TAS and Mach number?
• What is the primary characteristic of the air mass behind a cold front?
• What is the correct calculation for trip fuel?
• Which factor makes the difference between a 3D-RNAV system and a 4D-RNAV system?
• Where is Earth convergence most accurately represented on a Lambert conformal conic chart?
• What is the significance of V1 in take-off procedures?
• What occurs to the downwash when an aircraft enters ground effect?
• GPS system satellites transmit their signals on two carrier waves 1575 MHz and 1227 MHz. What does commercial aviation use?
• What impact does an increased headwind have on take-off roll performance?
• What characterizes low-level vertical windshear?
• Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypoxia?
• When should a wake turbulence non-radar separation minima of 2 minutes be applied?
• How much must the required landing distance on a dry runway be increased when conditions indicate the runway may be wet?
• In meteorology, what does the term 'lapse rate' refer to?
• What factors contribute to an increase in stall speed?
• What happens to pitch control as the centre of gravity shifts forward?
• What could happen if a clearway exceeds 1/2 TORA?
• What happens to relative humidity when a mass of air descends?
• What relationship does the maximum climb angle speed have with the headwind component?
• During a climb below the tropopause in ISA conditions, how do the Mach number and speed of sound behave?
• The speed range between high and low speed buffet:
• On a Lambert conformal conic chart, how are great circles that are not meridians represented?
• How do relative humidity and the dew point in an unsaturated air mass change with temperature variations?
• At a station at the surface, when will significant weather with a warm front occur?
• Which situation is classified as an error in the Threat and Error Management model?
• RNP 5 (Required Navigation Performance) requires a navigation accuracy of?
• What is the speed for minimum thrust required used for in turbojet engines?
• What controls the cabin pressure in an aircraft?
• How does a forward located centre of gravity affect fuel consumption and stability?
• What causes surface winds to flow across isobars at an angle?
• Regarding an aeroplane leaving ground effect, which statements are correct?
• How does ground effect influence the landing distance of an aircraft?
• An aircraft is making an entry into the CLE VOR standard holding pattern from 050° to 270°. What type of entry will it perform?
• According to CS-25, what is the minimum margin above reference stalling speed for reference landing speed (VREF)?
• What is the effect of an aft centre of gravity on maximum range and absolute ceiling?
• What is the outbound time in a holding pattern at 14,000 feet or below in still air conditions?
• What occurs with humidity levels when air is compressed?
• When a stopway and/or clearway is available, what should the TOD not exceed when multiplied by a factor of 1.15?
• What is the effect on induced drag of mass and speed changes?
• Which statements about wing tip vortices strength are correct?
• Output from which of the following combination of navigational sources provide enough information to the RNAV-equipment to calculate the wind vector?
• What primarily controls the output of a generator?
• When calculating take-off performance, what does ASDA stand for?
• Which of the following statements regarding clearways is incorrect?
• During a descent at constant Mach number, how is the margin to low speed buffet affected?
• In which conditions are pilots likely to encounter wind shear, particularly at lower altitudes?
• At what condition is wake turbulence the most severe?
• What terrain-related factor most affects VHF radio waves propagation?
• What happens to the stability of an air mass when it is warmed from below?
• When a warm front is approaching, what happens to QFE and QNH at the aerodrome?
• Which phenomenon can create instability in an air mass?
• After a malfunction of the pressure controller at FL310, what changes occur?
• What limitation applies to the Minimum Equipment List (MEL) during flight operations?
• How does surface wind compare to wind at 3000 ft?
• Why do Lambert charts need mathematical processing?
• What does the specific range (jet airplane) refer to?
• How do the best angle of climb and best rate of climb speeds change with increasing altitude?
• Threats in the TEM model are categorized into organizational threats and which other category?
• The lift to drag ratio mainly determines which of the following?
• What effect does internal leakage in a fuel/oil heat exchanger downstream of the HP fuel pump have on the oil level?
• In terms of fuel efficiency, how significant is a forward centre of gravity during flight?
• What characterizes airflow separation in a fluid dynamics context?